1 Potassium iOdide: Antioxidants Can Help while Radiation Exposure

Review The Japanese nuclear disaster has brought to the forefront the dangers of nuclear power. The Japanese have been distributing iodine tablets to people living in the vulnerable areas. Iodine is regularly given in the form of potassium iodide. A tablet contains 130 milligrams and the protection offered by this amount can last for 24 hours. This means that the dosage must be repeated every day until the threat of exposure is over. The shelf life of potassium iodide tablet is roughly unlimited which means that essential quantities of this substance can be stored without problems of expiry. The usual dosage is one tablet for the adults and one half of a tablet for children.

The many threat from radiation exposure is the development of thyroid cancer. This is because of the publish of radioactive iodine from radiation leaks. Iodine-129 and iodine-131 are gaseous products obtained during nuclear fission within the fuel rods. Radioactive iodine can enter the body through two routes- ingestion and inhalation. Why should the radioactive iodine target the thyroid gland?

Potassium IOdide

When there is a radiation leak, the thyroid gland is the most vulnerable organ in the body. This is because of the behaviour of the thyroid gland which specialises in trapping the iodine entering the body. Since the thyroid gland cannot differentiate radioactive iodine and non radioactive iodine, it will trap anyone is entering the body. Thus, in the case of a radiation leak, it is radioactive iodine which is available for the thyroid gland and the trapping of this leads to the development of the thyroid cancer. The use of potassium iodide saturates the thyroid gland and thus radioactive iodine is prevented from entering the thyroid gland. Saturating the gland with iodine produces other problems. It tends to choke the thyroid gland which can lead to problems like hypothyroidism or, hyperthyroidism. However, the thyroid problems are easier to tackle compared to cancer.

Antioxidants Can Help while Radiation Exposure
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An even greater danger is around during radiation exposure. It is that ionising radiation can lead to the formation of free radicals. These extremely reactive species can damage the membranes. They are also capable of interacting with prominent biological molecules. The qoute becomes serious when the molecule involved is the Dna. When free radicals attack the Dna, it can lead to mutations and therefore to problems arising from this including cancer. The production of free radicals leads to the introduction of oxidative stress and the only way of countering this is by using antioxidants. Antioxidants are molecules capable of scavenging the free radicals.

There are endogenous antioxidants like glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. But, these are not enough to fight a hazardous battle and supplementary troops must be mobilized from outside. These are the exogenous free radicals and contain zinc, selenium, carotenoids, vitamin C and vitamin E. Therefore, foods containing these molecules would be capable of fighting the free radicals generated during radiation leak. There are two classes of compounds which contain the vitamin E activity. They are the tocopherols and the tocotrienols. The latter class of compounds are more potent. They also protect against the onset of any other persisting diseases. Palm oil and rice bran oil are the best sources of the tocotrienols.

1 Potassium iOdide

Antioxidants Can Help while Radiation Exposure

Potassium IOdide

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